Article2006

Insomnia and Absenteeism at Work. Who Pays the Cost?

Virginie Godet-Cayré · Nathalie Pelletier‐Fleury · Marc Le Vaillant · Marie-Anne Massuel · Damien Léger

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Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the costs of insomnia-associated work absenteeism and to analyze how these costs are shared between the different payers: the national health insurance system, employers, and employees. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study over a 2-year period. SETTING: The Paris Ile de France region. PATIENTS: Two matched groups of employees: 369 insomniacs and 369 good sleepers. MEASUREMENTS: The costs of absenteeism at work associated with insomnia were estimated by comparing the 2 matched groups in terms of the number and duration of work absences. We considered that work absences incurred costs relating to salary replacement and loss of productivity: these were given a monetary value on the basis of the added value per hour worked. RESULTS: The percentage of employees with at least 1 work absence are 50% and 34% for insomniacs and good sleepers, respectively. The work absenteeism (expressed in days, per employee, per year +/- confidence intervals [CI]) differed significantly between insomniacs and good sleepers: 5.8 (+/- 1.1 ) and 2.4 (+/- 0.5), respectively (p < .001). The extra cost (+/- CI) to the national health insurance system of insomnia-associated absenteeism was estimated at euro 77 (+/- euro 39) per employee, per year. The extra cost (+/- CI) to employers was estimated at euro 233 (+/- euro 101) for salary replacement and euro 1062 (+/- euro 386) for loss of productivity. Finally, employees themselves bore a cost (+ CI) of euro 100 (euro 54). CONCLUSIONS: Employees who suffered from insomnia had a significantly higher rate of absenteeism at work than those who slept well. This absence represents a cost for society: in France, 88% of this amount is shouldered by employers.

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References

2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1989The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research 2012Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2005Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes 1997Prevalence, burden, and treatment of insomnia in primary care 2000Prevalence of insomnia in a survey of 12 778 adults in France 1998Clinical Correlates of Insomnia in Patients With Chronic Illness 2002Medical and Socio-Professional Impact of Insomnia

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