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Rubrication is an essential part of the textual apparatus of a medieval manuscript book. Composed by copyists, rubrics serve an important function of mediation between the text and its readers: they may identify author and title, mark episodic divisions of narrative texts, or provide a moral commentary.' Insofar as the rubric addresses the reader directly, from outside the fictional world, it resembles a narrator's intervention; but since it is a voice from outside the narrative framework, it can be compared even more appropriately to a gloss. Rubrics differ from glosses in that they are most often placed between segments of text, in sequential arrangement, rather than existing in simultaneous juxtaposition with the text as does a marginal or interlinear gloss. But like a gloss, the rubrication surrounds and invades the text, interacting with it and yet remaining apart; its difference is clearly marked by the red ink in which it is written.
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