Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Kenya

Veronica C. Lee · Patrick Murithi · Ulrike Gilbert-Nandra · Andrea A Kim · Mary E. Schmitz · James Otieno Odek +2 more

37 citations0/0 files storedJAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In Kenya, it is estimated that there are approximately 3.6 million children aged <18 years who have been orphaned or who are vulnerable. We examined the data from the second Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS 2012) to determine the number and profile of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Kenya who were aged <18 years. METHODS: KAIS 2012 was a nationally representative, population-based household survey. We analyzed the data for all the children from birth to age 17 years who resided in an eligible household so as to determine whether their parents were alive or had been very ill to define their OVC status. RESULTS: We estimated that there were 2.6 million OVC in Kenya in 2012, of whom 1.8 million were orphans and 750,000 were vulnerable. Among orphans, 15% were double orphans. Over one-third of all the OVC were aged between 10 and 14 years. Households with ≥1 OVC (12% of all households) were usually in the lowest 2 wealth quintiles, and 22% of OVC households had experienced moderate or severe hunger. Receipt of OVC support services was low for medical (3.7%), psychological (4.1%), social (1.3%), and material support (6.2%); educational support was slightly more common (11.5%). Orphanhood among children aged <15 years increased from 1993 to 2003 (P < 0.01) but declined from 2003 to 2012 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The 2.6 million OVC constitute a significant proportion of Kenya's population aged <18 years. Special attention should be paid to OVC to prevent further vulnerability and ensure their well-being and development as they transition into adulthood.

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References

2003Health and nutritional status of orphans <6 years old cared for by relatives in western Kenya 2007Education and Nutritional Status of Orphans and Children of Hiv–Infected Parents in Kenya 2011Household and community HIV/AIDS status and child malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from the demographic and health surveys 2011Perceived social support and the psychological well-being of AIDS orphans in urban Kenya 2010Who is the vulnerable child? Using survey data to identify children at risk in the era of HIV and AIDS 2004Comparison of household-survey estimates with projections of mortality and orphan numbers in sub-Saharan Africa in the era of HIV/AIDS

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