Libya Domestica: Libyan Trade and Society on the Eve of the Invasions of Egypt

Abstract

Between 1300 and 1170 B.C., peoples five times invaded New Kingdom Egypt the only foreign people to penetrate the territorial integrity of the XlXth and XXth Dynasty state. The intrusion of these peoples occurred with bewildering variety: now as starving refugees, now as bronze-clad warriors; appearing as single bands, confederated tribes, even in alliance with the utterly foreign Sea Peoples; perhaps at the behest of fifth-columnist settlers on the Delta edge, perhaps on the initiative of tribes in conflict as far away as western Cyrenaica. These episodes, long referred to as the collective Libyan Wars of the New Kingdom, arguably have little in common with each other except for the fact that our primary source material derives from the somewhat homogenized pharaonic inscriptions, describing a string of conflicts against peoples in the Western Desert.

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