Peasants, Pastoralists and "Pax Romana": Mutualism in the Southern Highlands of Jordan

Abstract

Data from the 1979 season of the Wadi el Ḥāsa Survey tested alternative hypotheses concerning the relationship between settled agriculturists and mobile pastoralists during Roman and Byzantine times in southern Jordan. The research hypothesis of symbiosis or "mutualism" between agriculturists and pastoralists seems to have a higher probability than the competing hypotheses of hostility between nomads and settled peoples and of ethnic uniformity within the survey area. The limitations of existing data in attempts to test these hypotheses rigorously have several implications for the development of survey methodology and archaeological research design in the Levant.

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