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The power and authority of David's style in the 1780's was such that neoclassical painting of the time rapidly came to be redefined in terms of Davidian criteria. In historical retrospect, this situation has led later critics to formulate a widely accepted, but circular, equation in which the first uncompromisingly neoclassical painting is the Oath of the Horatii. However, the Horatii should not necessarily be seen as an inevitable or logical outcome of the movement which had gained its initial impetus under Winckelmann, Mengs, Vien, and their contemporaries; rather, it is a heroic diversion of the earlier mainstream of neoclassicism, including a rigid austerity of expression which is directly opposed to many of the early trends.
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