Early Art in North America: Clovis and Later Paleoindian Incised Artifacts from the Gault Site, Texas (41BL323)

Ashley Lemke · D. Clark Wernecke · Michael Bernard Collins

41 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Antiquity

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Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology Archaeological and Geological Studies Archaeology and Rock Art Studies

Abstract

Abstract Engraved and carved bone and stone artifacts capture our imaginations and are known worldwide from archaeological contexts, but they are seemingly rare and oftentimes difficult to recognize. While preservation issues play a role in the limited recovery of early art objects, research on incised stones and bone from the Gault site in Texas demonstrates that an expectation to find such artifacts plays a key role in their identification and recovery. The presence of incised stones found by collectors at Gault alerted archaeologists to the potential for finding early art in systematic excavations. To date, 11 incised stones and one engraved bone of Paleoindian age (13,000–9,000 calibrated years before present) have been recovered and of these, the Clovis artifacts are among the earliest portable art objects from secure context in North America. The presence of incised stone and bone at Gault led to the development of an examination protocol for identifying and analyzing engraved and incised artifacts that can be applied to a wide variety of archaeological contexts.

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References

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2017Early human symbolic behavior in the Late Pleistocene of Wallacea 2021First Peoples in a New World 2016Evolving views on the Pleistocene colonization of North America 2016Clovis Technology 2019Hunter-Gatherers Harvested and Heated Microbial Biogenic Iron Oxides to Produce Rock Art Pigment

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