Language Development from an Evolutionary Perspective

Abstract

In his famous course of lectures at the University of Geneva (1906-1911), de Saussure distinguished langue, language as a system, a cultural institution, from parole, language as spoken and heard by individuals: . . language is not complete in any speaker; it exists only within a collectivity . . . only by virtue of a sort of contract signed by members of a community” (de Saussure, 1966, p. 14). Language thus was seen as an abstract property of a group, related to its variable individual speakers somewhat as a species is to its variable individual members.

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