Article1977

Future Outlook and Psychopathology among Psychiatric Patients

6 citations0/0 files storedPsychological Reports

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Optimism, Hope, and Well-being Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research

Abstract

The Future Outlook Inventory, Rotter I-E Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic Thinking, and MMPI were administered to 109 hospitalized psychiatric patients. Lowered future outlook was associated with external locus of control, increased levels of depression, state and trait anxiety, and disordered thinking and with increased elevations on 9 of 13 MMPI scales. Future outlook scores were not related to sex, age, education, or number of admissions.

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References

1966Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.1970STAI manual for the State-trait anxiety inventory 1968Depression: Clinical, Experimental and Theoretical Aspects.

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1979Future time perspective in later adulthood: Review and research directions 1985Locus of control in chronic anxiety disorders

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