The Need for Theory Development in Psychology. Some Case Studies

Abstract

An introductory survey of the literature is presented in which the author emphasizes the lack of theoretical sophistication in psychology. It is argued that a greater awareness of theoretical and conceptual problems now exists, and that studies addressing these or similar issues are starting to appear with greater frequency. Two general approaches to the improvement of theoretical development are contrasted: the constructivist philosophy (theoretical sophistication will be achieved by lower level theories spontaneously falling into place) and the comparative approach (theories should be analysed and compared in order to assess their complementary explanatory power and jurisdiction). Case studies of sound theoretical analyses are presented, and conclusions about the necessary elements of a good analysis are drawn. It is argued that metatheoretical issues cannot be ignored, and that the comparative approach to theoretical analysis has much more to offer in the way of theoretical development in psychology than the constructivist approach.

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