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Soviet cinema is often shaped by Communist Party politics rather than audience tastes, and when the dictates of the Party leadership change, the film industry may be left in a difficult position. From Lenin's death in 1924 to Stalin's ultimate triumph in the power struggle that followed, the Soviet Union experienced a period of uncertainty, and Bolshevik policy was subject to radical alterations. Sergei Eisenstein's Old and New is an example of a film caught in the complexities of changing Soviet agricultural policy.1 Originally, the film was to be a simple lesson on the need for the Soviet peasantry to join collective farms, but it was in production from 1926 to 1929, the very years in which Soviet farm policy was undergoing major changes. Eisenstein responded to the fluctuating political climate, and the finished film emerged as a sophisticated examination of ancient Russian tradition and Marxist modernism.
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