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BETWEEN 179o and 1830 emerging American society was characterized by a variety of organizing activities including an unprecedented gathering of large numbers of into benevolent and missionary societies. Hundreds of such organizations were founded throughout country, and leadership role played by New England's Congregationalist was marked: as Keith Melder notes, the Yankee influence was primary, not only in New England itself but in other parts of country ... following a 'psychic highway' through New York State and Ohio into Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Kansas.' The ministers of New England supported these public activities for on grounds that women were more pious than men [and] their superior religious feelings were a natural endowment of sex.2 Both fact of public activity for and notion of women's superior moral status are indications of a radical shift in attitudes toward women, a shift which took nearly a century and a half to occur and which is traceable in published sermons of period.8 Seventeenth-century New England Puritans were heirs to a view of women's moral condition which has a long, if not always honored, history in Judaic-Christian tradition. The view of Hugh Latimer, sixteenth-century martyr, was a persistent one:
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