Article2003

Emotional Expressions of Young Infants and Children

78 citations0/0 files storedInfants & Young Children

No readable copy stored yet — this record is metadata only.

No open-access location is known for this record yet.

Literature note Cite in a project Citation map

Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Child and Animal Learning Development Face Recognition and Perception

Abstract

Research on emotional development in infancy has benefited greatly from the use of videotape technology and coding systems that allow detailed coding of facial movements. Today we know that a core set of human facial expressions, composed of specific movements in the brow, eye/cheek, and mouth regions of the face, are probably innate. Theorists continue to debate the meaning of these expressions as well as how they are organized and become regulated over the first several years of life. Despite continuing debate and research on these issues, early facial expressions have practical, signal value for caregivers and practitioners alike. This article surveys what is known about the appearance and early normative, developmental course of emotional expressions, noting similarities and differences in special populations when available. Its goal is to provide practitioners with basic information to help them and the parents they serve become better able to recognize the expressive signals of the infants and young children in their care.

Paper brief

Loading…

Cite this work

Citation unavailable for this work.

BibTeX RIS CSL-JSON

No public copy is stored for this record, so only the metadata is cited.

Citations in this library

Citation map →

Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 78 citations exist upstream.

References

1920Conditioned emotional reactions.1990Positive-Negative Asymmetry in Evaluations: The Distinction Between Affective and Informational Negativity Effects 1999EMOTION 1979Social Cognition and the Acquisition of Self 2006Mere Exposure: A Gateway to the Subliminal 1982Learning Display Rules: The Socialization of Emotion Expression in Infancy 1989Self Development and Self-Conscious Emotions 1989The Development of Emotion Expression during the First Two Years of Life

Cited by

2006Mothers’ stress, resilience and early intervention 2010Violent Video Games Prime Both Aggressive and Positive Cognitions 2019Curiosity 2012Parental sensitivity to infant distress: what do discrete negative emotions have to do with it?2015Three‐year‐olds express suspense when an agent approaches a scene with a false belief

Explore the map →

Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.

Imported from OpenAlex (CC0) — nothing here is generated.