The Precision of Effect Size Estimation From Published Psychological Research

Andrew Brand · Michael T. Bradley

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Meta-analysis and systematic reviews Statistical Methods in Epidemiology Psychology Research and Bibliometrics

Abstract

Confidence interval ( CI) widths were calculated for reported Cohen's d standardized effect sizes and examined in two automated surveys of published psychological literature. The first survey reviewed 1,902 articles from Psychological Science. The second survey reviewed a total of 5,169 articles from across the following four APA journals: Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Journal of Applied Psychology, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, and Developmental Psychology. The median CI width for d was greater than 1 in both surveys. Hence, CI widths were, as Cohen (1994) speculated, embarrassingly large. Additional exploratory analyses revealed that CI widths varied across psychological research areas and that CI widths were not discernably decreasing over time. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed along with ways of reducing the CI widths and thus improving precision of effect size estimation.

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1994The earth is round (p < .05).2011Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 1999Statistical methods in psychology journals: Guidelines and explanations.2007Estimating Effect Sizes From Pretest-Posttest-Control Group Designs 2011Understanding the New Statistics: Effect Sizes, Confidence Intervals, and Meta-Analysis 2012Editors’ Introduction to the Special Section on Replicability in Psychological Science 2012On effect size.1959Publication Decisions and their Possible Effects on Inferences Drawn from Tests of Significance—or Vice Versa

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