Double-headed negation in Santome

Abstract

Santome, a Portuguese-related creole spoken on the island of São Tomé in the Gulf of Guinea, exhibits a standard discontinuous sentence negation pattern consisting of a preverbal marker (Neg1) and a VP-final marker (Neg2). It will be shown (i) that both markers are heads of independent NegPs and (ii) that the VP-final marker is sensitive to the distinction between arguments and adjuncts and, within the latter, peripheral and non-peripheral adjuncts. I will challenge previous analyses of languages that exhibit bipartite negation for which it is claimed that Neg2 projects higher in the structure than Neg1 by proposing that Neg2 heads a NegP that sits lower in the structure than the NegP hosting the preverbal marker.

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