Abstract This chapter develops the idea that aspects of socioeconomic environment throughout life affect adult health and disease risk. It discusses etiological studies that examine how variations in adult disease outcomes are related to socioeconomic factors at different life stages to understand better biological chains in risk. It reviews studies of social chains of risk that have investigated either the extent to which individuals experience continuity in their socioeconomic environment or how they interact with their environment in ways that lead to socially patterned exposures that may develop or damage personal and health capital.
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