Social enterprise: Gender gap and economic development

Catalina Nicolás Martínez · Alicia María Rubio Bañón

86 citations0/0 files storedEuropean Journal of Management and Business Economics

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Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences Gender Diversity and Inequality Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy

Abstract

Companies created by women represent a substantial part of entrepreneurship. While men outnumber women in entrepreneurship rates, the gender gap decreases in the case of social enterprises. This may be explained by the fact that roles and stereotypes that influence women's behavior will lead to significantly identify with the values promulgated by social enterprises. This greater involvement in social activities leads women to become an essential player for promoting such needed initiatives given the impossibility for public institutions to address all social problems. Therefore in this paper, firstly, we study the gender gap in social and commercial entrepreneurship, distinguishing between enterprises with less than 42 months of activity and those consolidated in the market. Secondly, and aware of the variability of data between countries, a study is conducted using a sample of 48 countries grouped according to their level of development. The results confirm what is stated in the literature, the gender gap is reduced in the case of social entrepreneurship and it is also shown that female participation in social enterprises is influenced by the level of development of the country. These results lead us to highlight the importance of variables such as culture or social norms when explaining female behavior.

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References

2005Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight 2010Cultures and Organizations, Software of the mind. Intercultural Cooperation and Its Importance for survival 1980Motivation, leadership, and organization: Do American theories apply abroad?2013Sex Differences in Social Behavior 1989Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-Role Interpretation.2012A Positive Theory of Social Entrepreneurship 2009The Role of Gender Stereotypes in Perceptions of Entrepreneurs and Intentions to Become an Entrepreneur 2007The Entrepreneurial Propensity of Women

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2018Assessing the impact of individual and context factors on the entrepreneurial process. A cross-country multilevel approach 2020Social Economy, Gender Equality at Work and the 2030 Agenda: Theory and Evidence from Spain 2018Cognitive Determinants of Social Entrepreneurship: Variations According to the Degree of Economic Development 2020Value Co-creation and Growth of Social Enterprises in Developing Countries: Moderating Role of Environmental Dynamics 2023

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