Article2016

Changes in Mindfulness and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Veterans Enrolled in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction

Kyle R. Stephenson · Tracy L. Simpson · Michelle E. Martinez · David J. Kearney

89 citations0/0 files storedJournal of Clinical Psychology

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Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The current study assessed associations between changes in 5 facets of mindfulness (Acting With Awareness, Observing, Describing, Non-Reactivity, and Nonjudgment) and changes in 4 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters (Re-Experiencing, Avoidance, Emotional Numbing, and Hyperarousal symptoms) among veterans participating in mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). METHOD: Secondary analyses were performed with a combined data set consisting of 2 published and 2 unpublished trials of MBSR conducted at a large Veterans Affairs hospital. The combined sample included 113 veterans enrolled in MBSR who screened positive for PTSD and completed measures of mindfulness and PTSD symptoms before and after the 8-week intervention. RESULTS: Increases in mindfulness were significantly associated with reduced PTSD symptoms. Increases in Acting With Awareness and Non-Reactivity were the facets of mindfulness most strongly and consistently associated with reduced PTSD symptoms. Increases in mindfulness were most strongly related to decreases in Hyperarousal and Emotional Numbing. CONCLUSIONS: These results extend previous research, provide preliminary support for changes in mindfulness as a viable mechanism of treatment, and have a number of potential practical and theoretical implications.

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References

2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2001The PHQ-9 2006Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness 2008Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness 1986Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information.2005Mechanisms of mindfulness 2004Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits 1996Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment.

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