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‘Out-of-court disposals’ (OOCDs) by the police have become a contentious area for policy and political focus in England and Wales. For some, notably the justice secretary, the ‘cautions culture’ has led to a situation where victims feel that ‘offenders are walking away scot free’ (Police Professional, 2014, p. 7). Other commentators have stated that the existing regime of OOCDs, which evolved incrementally, had become too complex and in need of simplification. Yet, the Magistrates Association, while calling for reform, has voiced concerns that less cautioning might lead to ‘an over escalation and criminalisation of behaviour’ (Police Professional, 2014, p. 7). As a key part of the Gateway to the criminal justice system, accounting for nearly 40% of all disposals (CJJI, 2011), the decisions about whether and how the police should best divert from prosecution have a very significant impact on the wider operation of the system (Neyroud, 2014). The Gateway we are concerned with here is the decision-making process, usually within the police custody environment which determines whether a case proceeds to court or is resolved by other means pre-court. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 8 citations exist upstream.
Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.
Imported from OpenAlex (CC0) — nothing here is generated.