Mitos, Masyarakat Adat, Dan Pelestarian Hutan

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mengidentifikasi mitos yang diyakini masyarakat adat sekitar kawasan hutan lindung Baluran dan Gilimanuk, (2) mengkaji fungsi sosial mitos yang diyakini masyarakat adat kawasan hutan Baluran dan Gilimanuk dalam pelestarian hutan, dan (3) merumuskan model pelestarian hutan yang berbasis mitos (kearifan lokal). Dalam penelitian ini, digunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra yang dipertajam dengan pendekatan etnografis; dengan memanfaatkan data penelitian mitos yang hidup dalam masyarakat adat sekitar kawasan hutan lindung Baluran dan Gilimanuk beserta masyarakat pendukungnya. Adapun model analisisnya adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Temuan penelitian ini sebagai berikut. Pertama, dalam masyarakat adat kawasan hutan Baluran dan Gilimanuk, terdapat mitos­mitos yang masih diyakini masyarakatnya. Kedua, mitos memiliki fungsi sosial bagi masyarakat adat karena dapat menggerakkan tindakan sosial masyarakatnya untuk melakukan pelestarian hutan. Ketiga, model yang ditawarkan adalah model pelestarian hutan yang berbasis keyakinan masyarakat pada mitos (dengan nilai­nilai kearifan lokal). Abstract: This research aims to (1) identify the myth believed by indigenous people living around protected forests of Baluran and Gilimanuk, (2) study the social function of myth believed by indigenous people of Baluran and Gilimanuk forest areas in terms of forest conservation, and (3) formulate a model of forest conservation based on myth (local wisdom). This research uses the approach of sociology of literature, perfected by ethnographic approach. The data are the myths existing among indigenous people living around the protected forests of Baluran and Gilimanuk along with the supporting community. The analysis model is descriptive qualitatative. The research has found three findings. First, among the indigenous people in the area of Baluran and Gilimanuk forest, there are myths which are still believed by the community. Second, myth has social functions for indigenous people for its ability to encourage social actions of the community to manage forest conservation. Third, the proposed model is forest conservation model based on the community’s belief in myths (along with the local wisdom values). Key Words: myth (local wisdom values), indigenous people, forest conservation

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