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The slag from the surface of XI ore-body in Tonglushan has been identified as the matte contained about65% Cu. Calculation points that any kind of ore with the Cu/S ratio = 1.7 ~ 2.3 could be smelt to obtainthe matte when the desulpurizing late of the smelting was 20%--40%. So what kind of ores was used andhow it was smelt in antiquity need to discuss.The geological reports showed there was a very special ore contained high pyrite in the bottom of theoxide belt of XI ore-body in Tonglushan. The archaeological reports showed that the ancient miner had abilityto dig this kind of ores by underground mining. The analyses showed that FeO content of the slag fromthe surface of XI ore-body was about 10% higher than other slag. Those three facts suggest forcefully that itis pyrite that supplies sulfur to the matte and Fed to the slag through the following reactions: 2FeS2=2FEs+S2 and FeS +Cu2O=FeO+Cu2S.
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