Identification of Sex from Foramen Magnum of Egyptian Skulls Using Three Dimensional Computed Tomography

Ragaa Darwish · Nagla Mohamed Hassan Salama · Mohamed Nasr Elsirafy · Wael Kholeif

7 citations0/0 files storedAin Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

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Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies Dental Radiography and Imaging Morphological variations and asymmetry

Abstract

Sex determination from skeletons is an important research subject in forensic medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the sexual dimorphism in the Egyptian skulls based on foramen magnum and some cranial measurements. Methodology: The present study was performed on 100 adult Egyptian patients of both sexes. Multi- Slice Computerized Tomography (MSCT) scan were obtained and reconstruction of 3D models for the cranium was performed. Various parameters related to the foramen magnum, the right condyle and the left condyle were measured on virtual skulls of adult patients. Results: The mean length, width and area of foramen magnum were significantly higher in males(35.3 ± 1.9mm, 30.0 ± 1.9mm and 833.50±72.52mm2respectively) than in females(32.8 ± 2.5mm, 27.1 ± 2.4 mm and 699.90±92.09mm2respectively). The mean lengths of the maximum bicondylar distance, minimum intercondylar distance and maximum medial intercondylar distance were significantly longer in males(48.8 ± 2.3 , 17.2 ± 1.7 and 25.1 ± 2.4mm respectively) than in females (46.1 ± 2.2, 16.2 ± 1.8 and 22.7 ± 1.7mm respectively ). A significant difference between males and females was elicited regarding the length (24.8± 1.7 and22.7±2.2mm respectively) and the width (14.4±1.3 and 13.5±1.3mm respectively) of the right condyle. The equation which determines sex with high accuracy was the one made from the length of the foramen magnum, length of the right condyle and length of the left condyle, the accuracy reached 87%. Conclusion: It can be concluded that measurements of the foramen magnum and the condyles obtained using 3D CT and the equations acquired from them are reliable tools in sex determination.

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References

2007Recommendations for the forensic diagnosis of sex and age from skeletons 2008Sex determination from the foramen magnum: discriminant function analysis in an eighteenth and nineteenth century British sample 2012Evaluation of foramen magnum in gender determination using helical CT scanning 2005Estimation of Sex by 3D CT Measurements of the Foramen Magnum 2008Two arch criteria of the ilium for sex determination of immature skeletal remains: A test of their accuracy and an assessment of intra- and inter-observer error 2000The value of the size of foramen magnum in sex determination 2009Variability of Human Foramen Magnum Size 2012Sex estimation from foramen magnum dimensions in an Indian population

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