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This brief examined the patterns of reading achievement using statewide data from all students (Grades 3–10) in multiple years to examine gaps based on student, school, and district characteristics. Results indicate reading achievement varied most between students within schools and that students’ prior achievement was the strongest predictor of current achievement. Achievement gaps were identified for males, Black students, students receiving meal subsidies, and schools with higher proportions of students receiving meal subsidies. A “clientele effect” was also found. Policy implications are discussed.
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Stored only when both papers are in the corpus — 55 citations exist upstream.
Papers that cite the same references — the relational fallback while embeddings are still backfilling.
Imported from OpenAlex (CC0) — nothing here is generated.