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Capital Asset Pricing Model

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Financial Markets and Investment Strategies Stochastic processes and financial applications Economic theories and models

Abstract

Two general approaches to the problem of valuing assets under uncertainty may be distinguished. The first approach relies on arbitrage arguments of one kind or another, while under the second approach equilibrium asset prices are obtained by equating endogenously determined asset demands to asset supplies, which are typically taken as exogenous. Examples of the former range from the static arbitrage arguments which underlie the Modigliani-Miller theorem to the dynamic arbitrage strategies which are the basis for the Option Pricing Model: such arbitrage based models can only yield the price of one asset relative to the prices of other assets. The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is an example of an equilibrium model in which asset prices are related to the exogenous data, the tastes and endowments of investors although, as we shall see below, the CAPM is often presented as a relative pricing model. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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1964CAPITAL ASSET PRICES: A THEORY OF MARKET EQUILIBRIUM UNDER CONDITIONS OF RISK*2019Theory of games and economic behavior 1952PORTFOLIO SELECTION*1965The Valuation of Risk Assets and the Selection of Risky Investments in Stock Portfolios and Capital Budgets 1976The arbitrage theory of capital asset pricing 1975THE VALUATION OF RISK ASSETS AND THE SELECTION OF RISKY INVESTMENTS IN STOCK PORTFOLIOS AND CAPITAL BUDGETS**This paper is another in a series of interrelated theoretical and statistical studies of corporate financial and investment policies being made under grants from the Rockefeller Foundation, and more recently the Ford Foundation, to the Harvard Business School. The generous support for this work is most gratefully acknowledged. The author is also much indebted to his colleagues Professors Bishop, Christenson, Kahr, Raiffa, and (especially) Schlaifer, for extensive discussion and commentary on an earlier draft of this paper; but responsibility for any errors or imperfections remains strictly his own.[Professor Sharpe's paper, “Capital Asset Prices: A Theory of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions of Risk” (Journal of Finance, September 1964) appeared after this paper was in final form and on its way to the printers. My first section, which parallels the first half of his paper (with corresponding conclusions), sets the algebraic framework for sections II, III and VI, (which have no counterpart in his paper) and for section IV on the equilibrium prices of risk assets, concerning which our results differ significantly for reasons which will be explored elsewhere. Sharpe does not take up the capital budgeting problem developed in section V below.]1973An Intertemporal Capital Asset Pricing Model 1959Portfolio Selection: Efficient Diversification of Investments

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