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EnglishBig Data dealing with the social is used by agencies who process this data to produce predictive correlations for the benefit of brands and web platforms. Beyond “society” and “opinion” for which the text lays out a genealogy, appear the “traces” that must be theorized as “vibrations” by the Social Sciences in order to reap the benefits of the uncertain status of entities’ widespread traceability. High vibrations collective phenomena did exist before the digital networks emergence but now they leave traces that can be computed. The third generation of Social Sciences currently emerging must assume the specific nature of the world of data created by digital networks, without reducing them to the categories of the Sciences of “Society” or “opinion”. francaisLe big data « social » est exploite par des agences qui traitent en masse ces donnees et qui generent des correlations predictives pour les marques et pour les plateformes du web. Au-dela de « la societe » et de « l’opinion », dont cet article rappelle la genealogie, apparaissent de nouvelles entites – les traces – candidates a une theorisation en termes de « vibrations », si l’on veut beneficier de cette tracabilite generalisee d’entites au caractere encore incertain. Les phenomenes de haute vibration collective existaient avant l’emergence des reseaux numeriques, mais ils laissent desormais des traces qui peuvent etre calculees. La troisieme generation de sciences sociales qui emerge doit assumer la particularite de ce monde des donnees creees par les reseaux numeriques, sans tenter de les reduire aux categories des sciences de la societe ou de l’opinion.
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