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Negative Campaigning in the Social Media Age: Attack Advertising on Facebook
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Negative Campaigning in the Social Media Age: Attack Advertising on Facebook (2016)Negative Campaigning in the Social Media …Tweeting to Power: The Social Media Revolution in American Politics (2015)Tweeting to Power: The Social…Twitter Style: An Analysis of How House Candidates Used Twitter in Their 2012 Campaigns (2014)Twitter Style: An Analysis of…Presidential campaigning in the Internet age (2014)Presidential campaigning in t…Presidential Campaigning in the Internet Age (2014)Presidential Campaigning in t…Tweeting to Power: The Social Media Revolution in American Politics (2013)Tweeting to Power: The Social…Timeless Strategy Meets New Medium: Going Negative on Congressional Campaign Web Sites, 2002–2006 (2010)Timeless Strategy Meets New M…It takes a candidate: why women don't run for office (2006)It takes a candidate: why wom…In defense of negativity: attack ads in presidential campaigns (2006)In defense of negativity: att…In Defense of Negativity (2006)In Defense of NegativityContent Analysis in Mass Communication: Assessment and Reporting of Intercoder Reliability (2002)Content Analysis in Mass Comm…It Takes a Candidate (2001)It Takes a CandidateEstimating the Effect of Campaign Spending on Senate Election Outcomes Using Instrumental Variables (1998)Estimating the Effect of Camp…Why Parties? (1995)Why Parties?Political research quarterly (1993)Political research quarterlyEstimating Incumbency Advantage Without Bias (1990)Estimating Incumbency Advanta…An Economic Theory of Democracy. (1958)An Economic Theory of Democra…Patterns of Affective Polarization toward Parties and Leaders across the Democratic World (2023)Patterns of Affective Polariz…Posting or Advertising? How Political Parties Adapt Their Messaging Strategies to Facebook’s Organic and Paid Media Affordances (2022)Posting or Advertising? How P…Patterns of Negative Campaigning during the 2019 European Election: Political Parties’ Facebook Posts and Users’ Sharing Behaviour across Twelve Countries (2022)Patterns of Negative Campaign…Online Incivility in the 2020 Congressional Elections (2022)Online Incivility in the 2020…Are Campaigns Getting Uglier, and Who Is to Blame? Negativity, Dramatization and Populism on Facebook in the 2014 and 2019 EP Election Campaigns (2022)Are Campaigns Getting Uglier,…Tweeting is Leading (2021)Tweeting is LeadingPolitical Messaging Over Time: A Comparison of US Presidential Candidate Facebook Posts and Tweets in 2016 and 2020 (2021)Political Messaging Over Time…Negativity and Elite Message Diffusion on Social Media (2021)Negativity and Elite Message …New medium, old strategies? Comparing online and traditional campaign posters for German Bundestag elections, 2013–2017 (2020)New medium, old strategies? C…Dark necessities? Candidates’ aversive personality traits and negative campaigning in the 2018 American Midterms (2020)Dark necessities? Candidates’…When “Positive Posting” Attracts Voters: User Engagement and Emotions in the 2017 UK Election Campaign on Facebook (2019)When “Positive Posting” Attra…Negative campaigning and its consequences: a review and a look ahead (2019)Negative campaigning and its …The Politics of Prioritization: Senators’ Attention in 140 Characters (2018)The Politics of Prioritizatio…Television vs. YouTube: political advertising in the 2012 presidential election (2018)Television vs. YouTube: polit…#Selfie: Instagram and the United States Congress (2018)#Selfie: Instagram and the Un…Social Media Campaigning: Mobilization and Fundraising on Facebook (2017)Social Media Campaigning: Mob…The Effects of Campaign Spending in Congressional Elections (1978)Strategy and Choice in the 1982 Congressional Elections (1982)Salvation for the Spendthrift Incumbent: Reestimating the Effects of Campaign Spending in House Elections (1988)Corporate PAC Campaign Contributions in Perspective (2000)How Words and Money Cultivate a Personal Vote: The Effect of Legislator Credit Claiming on Constituent Credit Allocation (2012)Is Vote Buying Effective? Evidence from a Field Experiment in West Africa (2013)The American Voter. By A. Campbell, P. Converse, W. Miller, and D. Stokes. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1960. Pp. viii, 573. $8.50.) (1960)Voice and equality: civic voluntarism in American politics (1996)A “Selection Model” of Political Representation* (2009)Informal Influences in Selecting Female Political Candidates (2009)Running Backwards and in High Heels (2011)Handbook of Educational Psychology (2013)A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales (1960)Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology. (1984)A Concordance Correlation Coefficient to Evaluate Reproducibility (1989)Reliability in Content Analysis. (2004)Coding In-depth Semistructured Interviews (2013)Intercoder Reliability in Qualitative Research: Debates and Practical Guidelines (2020)Congress: Keystone of the Washington Establishment (1977)Political Parties and the Distribution of Federal Outlays (1995)Why Did the Incumbency Advantage in U.S. House Elections Grow? (1996)Press Coverage and Political Accountability (2010)Campaign Communications in U.S. Congressional Elections (2009)Degrees of Democracy: Politics, Public Opinion, and Policy (2009)The Limits of Partisan Prejudice (2016)A Rational Theory of the Size of Government (1981)A Survey of Corporate Governance (1997)Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (2005)Linkages between Citizens and Politicians in Democratic Polities (2000)The Impact of Public Opinion on Public Policy: A Review and an Agenda (2003)Voter Turnout and the Dynamics of Electoral Competition in Established Democracies since 1945 (2004)Reconceiving Environmental Justice: Global Movements And Political Theories (2004)Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) (2015)Embracing Causal Complexity (2016)PARTY POLARIZATION IN AMERICAN POLITICS: Characteristics, Causes, and Consequences (2005)Beyond Negativity: The Effects of Incivility on the Electorate (2007)From Incivility to Outrage: Political Discourse in Blogs, Talk Radio, and Cable News (2011)A Bad Workman Blames His Tweets: The Consequences of Citizens' Uncivil Twitter Use When Interacting With Party Candidates (2016)Digital Media, Power, and Democracy in Parties and Election Campaigns (2016)In Their Own Words: Political Practitioner Accounts of Candidates, Audiences, Affordances, Genres, and Timing in Strategic Social Media Use (2017)
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References

  • 1958An Economic Theory of Democracy.18,594 cited
  • 2002Content Analysis in Mass Communication: Assessment and Reporting of Intercoder Reliability3,054 cited
  • 1995Why Parties?2,374 cited
  • 1993Political research quarterly1,578 cited
  • 1990Estimating Incumbency Advantage Without Bias672 cited
  • 1998Estimating the Effect of Campaign Spending on Senate Election Outcomes Using Instrumental Variables455 cited
  • 2006In defense of negativity: attack ads in presidential campaigns453 cited
  • 2006In Defense of Negativity423 cited
  • 2014Presidential Campaigning in the Internet Age308 cited
  • 2006It takes a candidate: why women don't run for office270 cited
  • 2014Twitter Style: An Analysis of How House Candidates Used Twitter in Their 2012 Campaigns259 cited
  • 2015Tweeting to Power: The Social Media Revolution in American Politics245 cited
  • 2013Tweeting to Power: The Social Media Revolution in American Politics227 cited
  • 2001It Takes a Candidate220 cited
  • 2014Presidential campaigning in the Internet age158 cited
  • 2010Timeless Strategy Meets New Medium: Going Negative on Congressional Campaign Web Sites, 2002–2006

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128 cited

Cited by

  • 2019Negative campaigning and its consequences: a review and a look ahead139 cited
  • 2023Patterns of Affective Polarization toward Parties and Leaders across the Democratic World98 cited
  • 2022Are Campaigns Getting Uglier, and Who Is to Blame? Negativity, Dramatization and Populism on Facebook in the 2014 and 2019 EP Election Campaigns74 cited
  • 2020Dark necessities? Candidates’ aversive personality traits and negative campaigning in the 2018 American Midterms72 cited
  • 2017Social Media Campaigning: Mobilization and Fundraising on Facebook66 cited
  • 2019When “Positive Posting” Attracts Voters: User Engagement and Emotions in the 2017 UK Election Campaign on Facebook60 cited
  • 2021Negativity and Elite Message Diffusion on Social Media58 cited
  • 2018The Politics of Prioritization: Senators’ Attention in 140 Characters42 cited
  • 2021Tweeting is Leading41 cited
  • 2018Television vs. YouTube: political advertising in the 2012 presidential election41 cited
  • 2022Online Incivility in the 2020 Congressional Elections37 cited
  • 2022Posting or Advertising? How Political Parties Adapt Their Messaging Strategies to Facebook’s Organic and Paid Media Affordances36 cited
  • 2018#Selfie: Instagram and the United States Congress35 cited
  • 2022Patterns of Negative Campaigning during the 2019 European Election: Political Parties’ Facebook Posts and Users’ Sharing Behaviour across Twelve Countries26 cited
  • 2021Political Messaging Over Time: A Comparison of US Presidential Candidate Facebook Posts and Tweets in 2016 and 202025 cited
  • 2020New medium, old strategies? Comparing online and traditional campaign posters for German Bundestag elections, 2013–201722 cited