Article1987

Reduction of CO2-induced anxiety in patients with panic attacks after repeated CO2 exposure

Marcel van den Hout · G.M. van der Molen · Eric J.L. Griez · H. Lousberg · A Nansen

107 citations0/0 files storedAmerican Journal of Psychiatry

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Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments Pain Management and Placebo Effect

Abstract

The authors compared the subjective reaction of 13 panic patients and eight control subjects to a 35% CO2 challenge, a treatment known to produce physical symptoms comparable to those of natural or lactate-induced panic, and to placebo treatment (inhalation of air). They found that patients had higher placebo scores than control subjects, patients tended to get highly anxious on CO2 and control subjects did not, and CO2-induced subjective anxiety in patients decreased as the number of CO2-induced exposures to interoceptive anxiety symptoms increased. The data support a behavioral account of the effects of anxiogenics.

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References

1986Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency and the prediction of fearfulness 1986A cognitive approach to panic 1978A reanalysis of agoraphobia 1984Lactate Provocation of Panic Attacks 1984Response to hyperventilation in a group of patients with panic disorder 1982Phobic and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders 1984Panic Symptoms after Inhalation of Carbondioxide 1981Blockade by imipramine or desipramine of panic induced by sodium lactate

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1998Experimental pathophysiology of panic 1997Extinction of panicogenic effects of a 35% CO₂ challenge in patients with panic disorder.1990Five percent carbon dioxide challenge: Valid analogue and marker of panic disorder?2005Voluntary hyperventilation in the treatment of panic disorder—functions of hyperventilation, their implications for breathing training, and recommendations for standardization 199535% CO2 challenge in panic and mood disorders 2001Evaluating differential predictions of emotional reactivity during repeated 20% carbon dioxide-enriched air challenge

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