National ‘Consensus’ As Culture and Practice: The Geological Survey in Vienna and the Habsburg Empire (1849–1867)

Abstract

The Jewish cosmopolitan Franz Werfel understood the Habsburg Empire as a supra-national state, a kind of harmonious, bourgeois ‘Great Switzerland’, a picturesque and well organized mosaic presenting a variety of natural spaces, which connected to each other ‘the Tyrolian Alps, the lakes of the Salzkammergut, the gentle horizons of Bohemia, the wild highlands of the karst, the sumptuous landscapes on the Adriatic Sea, the palaces of Vienna, the churches of Salzburg, the towers of Prague ... the wide steppes of the Puszta ... the mountain pastures of the Carpathian Mountains and the plains along the Danube with all the wonders of its valley, with its wild meadows full of birds, and the large islands of its tributary, the Theiß.’ 1 The geological survey of the country, which was successfully completed for all territories of the Habsburg Empire in a very short period, between 1849 and 1867, also guarantees a view which connects all natural spaces.

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