Personal resilience and coping Part II: Identifying resilience and coping among U.S. military service members and veterans with implications for work

Valerie J. Berg Rice · Baoxia Liu

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Resilience and Mental Health Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research Stress and Burnout Research

Abstract

BACKGROUND: U.S. military personnel face challenging situations including frequent deployments, family separations, and exposure to war. Identifying coping strategies used by the most resilient service members and veterans could positively influence military resiliency training programs. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this paper are to investigate the relationship between coping and resilience among U.S. military active service members and veterans, to identify the coping strategies used by those considered most resilient, and to discuss coping and resilience as they relate to the workplace. METHODS: U.S. military active service members and veterans (N = 191) completed a demographic survey and two self-report questionnaires: The 14-Item Resilience Scale [1] and the Brief COPE [2]. RESULTS: Active duty service members had higher resilience scores than veterans (p < 0.05), but both fell into the moderate range. Coping strategies were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05). Active service members' resilience was predicted by their use of positive reframing and less use of self-blame as coping strategies, accounting for 52.3% of the variance (R2 = 0.523, F(2, 60) = 32.92, p = 0.000). Veterans' resilience was predicted by longer time-in-service, greater use of humor, and less use of self-blame as coping strategies, explaining 44.8% of the variance (R2 = 0.448, F(3, 116) = 31.408, p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: This research identifies the positive coping strategies, and least-used negative coping strategies, of the U.S. service members and veterans in our study population with higher resilience scores. Incorporating this information into military- or veteran-based resilience training is likely to increase training effectiveness.

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References

2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2013Stress: Appraisal and Coping 2001The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions.1989Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach.2008Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM)1997You want to measure coping but your protocol’ too long: Consider the brief cope 2004Loss, Trauma, and Human Resilience: Have We Underestimated the Human Capacity to Thrive After Extremely Aversive Events?2004Resilient Individuals Use Positive Emotions to Bounce Back From Negative Emotional Experiences.

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2019Resilience in the Workplace: A Multilevel Review and Synthesis 2023Two sides of the same coin: Appraising job‐related attributes as resilience enhancing or undermining

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