The factor structure of the revised Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory

Abstract

This study assessed the factor structure of the revised Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory (KMPAI) using a sample (n=151) of tertiary music and dance students attending the National Institute of Creative Arts and Industries, University of Auckland. The scale consists of 40 items that assess the factor structure of the revised, expanded KMPAI to ascertain whether it captured the latent etiological factors identified by emotion theory underlying performance anxiety. Students completed the (revised) Kenny Music Performance Anxiety Inventory at the commencement of the 2009 academic year. Principal component analysis (with varimax rotation) of the KMPAI revealed three latent factors and 12 underlying factors, as follows: early relationship context comprising generational transmission of anxiety and parental empathy; psychological vulnerability comprising controllability, depression, hopelessness, and trust; and proximal performance concerns comprising somatic anxiety, pre- and post-performance rumination, self/other scrutiny, performance outcome concerns, memory reliability, and commitment to performance. These results provide initial evidence of the complex structure of music performance anxiety, particularly in its severe form, and indicate that management and treatment of the condition will need to be tailored to the individual’s pattern of contributing causal features.

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