Articlebronze2016

Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale across 11 world-wide societies

Dejan Stevanović · Zahra Bagheri · Olayinka Atilola · Panos Vostanis · Duško Stupar · Paulo Moreira +14 more

58 citations0/0 files storedEpidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences

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Psychometric Methodologies and Testing Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

Abstract

BACKGROUND: In order to compare estimates by one assessment scale across various cultures/ethnic groups, an important aspect that needs to be demonstrated is that its construct across these groups is invariant when measured using a similar and simultaneous approach (i.e., demonstrated cross-cultural measurement invariance). One of the methods for evaluating measurement invariance is testing for differential item functioning (DIF), which assesses whether different groups respond differently to particular items. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) in societies with different socioeconomic, cultural, and religious backgrounds. METHODS: The study was organised by the International Child Mental Health Study Group. Self-reported data were collected from adolescents residing in 11 countries: Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Indonesia, Montenegro, Nigeria, Palestinian Territories, the Philippines, Portugal, Romania and Serbia. The multiple-indicators multiple-causes model was used to test the RCADS items for DIF across the countries. RESULTS: Ten items exhibited DIF considering all cross-country comparisons. Only one or two items were flagged with DIF in the head-to-head comparisons, while there were three to five items flagged with DIF, when one country was compared with the others. Even with all cross-culturally non-invariant items removed from nine language versions tested, the original factor model representing six anxiety and depressive symptoms subscales was not significantly violated. CONCLUSIONS: There is clear evidence that relatively small number of the RCADS items is non-invariant, especially when comparing two different cultural/ethnic groups, which indicates on its sound cross-cultural validity and suitability for cross-cultural comparisons in adolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms.

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References

2002Evaluating Goodness-of-Fit Indexes for Testing Measurement Invariance 2007Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research 2011Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context 1997The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): Factor Structure, Reliability, and Validity 2000Assessment of symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety and depression in children: a revised child anxiety and depression scale 1995Development of a short questionnaire for use in epidemiological studies of depression in children and adolescents.1999Effects of sample size, estimation methods, and model specification on structural equation modeling fit indexes 1975Estimation of a Model with Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes of a Single Latent Variable

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2018Mental health in Syrian children with a focus on post-traumatic stress: a cross-sectional study from Syrian schools 2018Investigating the psychometric properties of the revised child anxiety and depression scale (RCADS) in a non-clinical sample of Irish adolescents

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