Dualization and Gender in Social Services

Abstract

Abstract In the current era of deregulation the growth of social services has reinforced labor market dualization, undermining hope for the settlement of pressing societal needs and women’s labor market integration, especially in Bismarckian welfare regimes. Through comparative analysis of changing employment structures and training schemes in the social services sector, this chapter reveals varying degrees of labor market dualization in Germany and France. The different legacy of a ‘high road’ of social service provision and employment allowing for the labor market integration of mothers in France contrasts with a more semi-professional ‘low road’ based on a strong male breadwinner model in Germany, generating less pronounced insider-outsider divides in France than in Germany. Nevertheless, precarious employment in expanding social services such as elderly care is on the rise in both countries, challenging the role of the welfare state as a model employer.

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