Anglo-Scottish Relations in John Hardyng’s Chronicle

Abstract

I n November 1457, John Hardyng—an Englishman, ex-soldier, and royal spy turned chronicler—delivered six documents concerning English hegemony over Scotland to Henry VI’s treasurer, John Talbot, second Earl of Shrewsbury; several days later he was granted an annuity for his services to the crown. 1 It was not the first time that he had submitted evidence of suzerainty to an English king, nor would it be the last, but the wording of the letters patent confirming Hardyng’s reward and the prologue to the first version of his Chronicle (1457) seem to indicate that this submission was unique because Hardyng presented his text to Henry VI—or one of his officials—at or around the same time. 2 These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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