Chapter 3 The Duality of Affiliative Motivation

Joel L. Weinberger · Tanya Cotler

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Psychological Testing and Assessment Attachment and Relationship Dynamics Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion

Abstract

Abstract Affiliation motivation, unlike other implicit motives, seems to have a dual nature. There is a bright positive side and a dark negative side to this implicit motive. The former is best captured by Intimacy motivation; the latter by Affiliation motivation. Research and theory supporting this duality is reviewed. These include data on social interaction, hormone profiles and correlates, autobiographical memory, social sensitivity, and leadership. Measurement issues are also reviewed. Basically, affiliation motivation is focused on not being alone and on a fear of rejection. This explains its dark side. Intimacy motivation is focused on close, meaningful, and mutually satisfying interactions. This explains its mostly positive correlates. Work carried out on dependency also shows a positive and negative side to this variable. These results come from a research tradition completely independent of implicit motives and yet parallel the findings concerning affiliation and intimacy very closely. These independent findings therefore provide support for the model. Finally, the results are shown to parallel the phenomenology of affiliation in the real, interpersonal world.

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References

1891The Principles of Psychology 1953The achievement motive 2007Handbook of research methods in personality psychology 1992Motivation and Personality 1939Explorations in Personality.1975Power: The Inner Experience 1989How do self-attributed and implicit motives differ?1958Motives in fantasy, action, and society

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2011Satisfying One’s Needs for Competence and Relatedness 2015Agentic and Communal Social Motives 2011When the needs for affiliation and intimacy are frustrated: Envy and indirect aggression among German and Cameroonian adults 2016Why Voice Behavior? An Integrative Model of the Need for Affiliation, the Quality of Leader–Member Exchange, and Group Cohesion in Predicting Voice Behavior 2022The Hidden Costs of Negative Workplace Gossip: Its Effect on Targets’ Behaviors, the Mediating Role of Guanxi Closeness, and the Moderating Effect of Need for Affiliation 2016Need for Affiliation as a Motivational Add-On for Leadership Behaviors and Managerial Success

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