From Gens d’armes to Gentilshommes: Dressage, Civility, and the Ballet à Cheval

Abstract

In 1594, the great horseman Antoine de Pluvinel opened France’s first military academy, aiming, he said, to render his students “capable of serving their Prince well, whether in peace or in war.” 1 The academy filled a genuine need, as before that time young French nobles keen to fulfill the military calling of their estate had had to travel to Italy for training, where they studied at the riding school of Cesare Fiaschi in Ferrara or in Naples with Federico Grisone, Giovanni Battista Pignatelli (at whose school Pluvinel had studied for six years), or Cesare Mirabbello. After a stay that usually began no earlier than age 14 and lasted one or two years, students returned to France, where they commanded respect through their poise in the saddle. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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