Abstract Given the high interconnectedness of lexicon and grammar, this chapter argues that even while grammar is emergent, the lexicon must be, too, since it is highly affected by language use. Here the frequency effects are said to provide evidence for lexical storage. The storage of larger and less frequent units is discussed, along with idioms, prefabs, and grammaticizing constructions. The frequency effects also suggest, however, that in addition to storage units, words, phrases, and constructions must also be processing units. The fact that some priming effects appear with constructions and that phonological effects, including reduction but also retention, occur in high-frequency contexts both suggest that words, phrases, and constructions are processing units that become more fluent with more use.
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