The Modernist Inheritance in Japanese Social Studies: Fukuzawa, Marxists and Otsuka Hisao

Abstract

In 1862 the first Japanese government mission was sent to London and was despatched to other European cities to negotiate diplomatic issues with Britain and other western powers. Fukuzawa Yukichi (1834–1901), a 27-yearold interpreter attached to the mission, took advantage of this opportunity to meet well informed persons in order to discuss the British parliamentary system, political parties, freedom of the press and other matters. Recalling these discussions, Fukuzawa wrote: I raised queries about what constituted common sense for them [Britons] … and they might have thought my questions foolish. However, these were about the facts that I could not understand at all by reading. for instance, it was a capital crime in Japan for more than three people to group into a political association. But in Britain there exist political parties in bright sunshine [excuse the poetic licence!] and they contend for power. British citizens are at liberty to comment on and even to blame the government’s policy. It is more than a thousand wonders and beyond comprehension that they permit such licentious outrage and keep the country in order. 2 These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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