Meta‐Analyses, Systematic Reviews, and Evaluation Syntheses

Abstract

This chapter commences with the definitions of meta-analysis, systematic review, and evaluation synthesis. Meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and evaluation syntheses try to get beyond the single study, if indeed there are more studies to examine. The chapter provides a simplified list, which capitalizes on the guidelines of the Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses (QUOROM) group and on Cooper, Hedges, and Valentine, the Campbell and Cochrane Collaborations, the WWC, and other sources. There are now many organizations that are conducting systematic reviews, and several, such as the Cochrane and Campbell Collaborations and the WWC, that are producing them on a grand scale. Besides these large-scale efforts, technological advances are improving the ability of researchers to identify, catalog, and analyze the results of separate but similar evaluation studies. Systematic reviews have not only generated surprising results that countered widely believed notions, but they have also led to some important by- products.

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