The Limits of Tolerance

Abstract

Suspicion and distrust of certain groups of foreign refugees legitimised the imposition of constraints. Their role in civil disturbances was of special concern. In August 1831, 200 Italians led disturbances in Paris, when they expressed, according to the police report, the ‘most contradictory opinions’ against the government. Because a certain number of them posed such a danger to the civil order, the police recommended that they should be removed from the city altogether. 1 Elsewhere, troubles among Spanish refugees were particularly alarming. The prefect of police in Perpignan stressed the ‘shameful role’ they played, not for the first time, in local disturbances as they awaited a popular uprising. Their unrest attracted even more refugees, the prefect complained. ‘We see [more] arrive every day at the frontier … under the pretexts of persecutions they have suffered in their own country’. He advised that as a matter of urgency all foreigners should be removal from the city, and be allowed to live no closer than Montpellier. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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