Welfs, Hohenstaufen and Habsburgs

Abstract

This chapter deals with the demise of the Hohenstaufen, the so-called 'nterregnum', and also with the complex impact on kingship of the territorial principalities of Germany. The Hohenstaufen had at their disposal the duchy of Swabia, widely dispersed crown lands and the important force of the imperial ministeriales, as well as the endorsement of a majority of the German princes and prelates. The Hohenstaufen party was reconciled by the betrothal of Philip's eldest daughter to Otto, who also announced his willingness to avenge the murder of his former rival. Definite measures were first taken by King Philip II Augustus of France, who set about convincing the pope of the need to revive Frederick's candidacy. Albrecht of Habsburg, the only surviving heir of King Rudolf, had none of his father's popularity but instead a reputation for ruthlessness and want of moderation. The German thirteenth century was an age of rapid political and social change, a true period of transition.

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