Article2016

Do children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes have increased prevalence of sleep disorders?

M Yackobovich Gavan · Riva Tauman · Moshe Phillip · Shlomit Shalitin

44 citations0/0 files storedPediatric Diabetes

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Sleep has been shown to impact glucose regulation, and may be altered in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D). OBJECTIVE: To assess sleep characteristics in T1D patients and the possible association between sleep disturbances and diabetes-related variables. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In a cross-sectional study in 154 young patients with T1D and 154 age-range-matched nondiabetic controls subjective sleep characteristics were assessed using validated questionnaires: Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), Adolescent Sleep-Wake Scale (ASWS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Clinical and disease-related variables were obtained from medical charts. RESULTS: Sleep disorders were frequent in all age groups, with no significant difference in prevalence or total scores of the SDSC, ASWS, PSQI, or ESS between the patients and the controls. In T1D children, SDSC score was significantly higher in those using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) vs glucose meters (P = .042). The score of disorders related to "initiating and maintaining sleep" was significantly higher in those treated with pumps vs patients treated with injections (P = .014), in those using CGM vs glucose meters (P = .02), and in those with nocturnal hypoglycemia vs those without (P = .023). The percentage of children with excessive daytime sleepiness was significantly lower in patients vs controls (P = .035). No significant differences were found in the other two age groups. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The prevalence of sleep disorders among most of the young T1D patients was no higher than in the nondiabetic population. Studies using objective sleep measures are warranted to further assess sleep quality in T1D patients.

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References

1989The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research 1991A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale 1996The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) Construct ion and validation of an instrument to evaluate sleep disturbances in childhood and adolescence 2005Association of Sleep Time With Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance 2003A Prospective Study of Self-Reported Sleep Duration and Incident Diabetes in Women 2005The Relationship Between Reported Sleep Quality and Sleep Hygiene in Italian and American Adolescents 2000Depressive Symptoms and Cigarette Smoking Predict Development and Persistence of Sleep Problems in US Adolescents 2004Are sleep problems under-recognised in general practice?

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