The Rise and Fall of “Ethnic-National Relevance” (1963–1977)

Abstract

The advent of psychology in Africa occurred against a backdrop of slavery and colonialism. Its lengthy history of racism derived from a disciplinary regime “established between 1850 and 1945 [that] implied an imperial divide … between European modernity as subject and the colonized world as object” (Staeuble 2006 , p. 193). In South Africa, where an “internal” (Hook 2004 )—and more virulent—form of colonialism prevailed, that racism had been evident as far back as the 1840s with the racial segregation of “lunatics” on Robben Island. By 1891, when white patients were being accommodated on the mainland at Valkenberg, their black counterparts had to wait another quarter of a century for a separate facility “across a small river” (Louw and Foster 2004 , p. 173). Later still—during the 1920s and 1930s—South African psychologists continued to ignore the subjugation of blacks by focusing instead on the poor white problem and the attendant “threat” of miscegenation.

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