A decade ago social epidemiologists rarely used novel social network methods. Social scientists rarely incorporated novel biomarker assessments into their approaches. The greatest strides over the decade have come about because sociocentric approaches have been incorporated into large-scale studies with strong health assessments. Many terms about social relationships are used interchangeably. A major aim is to clarify these terms. The chapter discusses theoretical orientations and an overarching model integrating multilevel systems. It provides definitions accompanied by major assessment tools and reviews findings linking social networks or support to morbidity, mortality, and functioning. The discussion is presented in five sections on social ties and social integration, social networks, social support, loneliness, and negative interactions and conflict.
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