This chapter argues that oral modality assumed the segmented and combinatorial code not because of its strengths but to compensate for its weakness. The oral modality is not well suited to conveying messages mimetically, even though that function is also important to human language. This function is, however, very well served by the manual modality. The manual modality consequently assumes the role of mimetic encoding, in the form of spontaneous gestures found to accompany speech in all cultures, leaving segmented and combinatorial encoding by default to speech. This argument rests on several assumptions. The first is that the manual modality is as adept as the oral modality at segmented and combinatorial encoding. The second assumption is that mimetic encoding is an important aspect of human communication, well served by the manual modality. In addition, the chapter discusses the role that gesture might have played in linguistic evolution.
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