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Abstract This chapter explores several challenges facing the patent system: university patenting, the cost of patents, and the growing number and voluminosity of patent filings. The pros and cons of academic patenting are investigated through its potential impact on the quality and quantity of scientific research. A methodology for the evaluation of patent costs is then presented. The international comparison shows that European patents are more expensive mainly due to the translation costs (including intermediation with patent attorneys) and the validation fees in each national patent office following approval by the EPO. The chapter ends with a brief illustration and explanation of the recent boom in the patent workload, characterized by an increase in both the number of patent filings and their size (number of pages or number of claims).
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