U.S. and Finnish Journalists: A Comparative Study of Roles, Responsibilities, and Emotional Reactions to School Shootings

Klas Backholm · Marguerite J. Moritz · Kaj Björkqvist

8 citations0/0 files storedStudies in media and communications

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Media Studies and Communication Journalism and Media Studies Public Relations and Crisis Communication

Abstract

Purpose – In the chapter, journalistic work ethics on the scene during school shootings and journalists’ psychological stress reactions after such work is studied.Approach – Findings are based on several qualitative studies carried out separately at different time periods, spanning over a decade. Included cases are one from the United States, Columbine (1999), and two from Finland, Jokela (2007) and Kauhajoki (2008). Similarities and differences between cases are pinpointed, and general conclusions are drawn.Findings – Results show that while technical equipment and publication platforms have developed between cases, journalists’ ethical issues, response to public criticism, and patterns of postcrisis reactions remain similar.Practical implications – As implications in the area of journalism ethics and stress reactions, the authors conclude that work in crises will be the rule rather than the exception during a journalist's career. Ethical considerations and individual response patterns to an event interact in complex ways. Personal preparation and knowledge in the area of ethics are of crucial importance for being able to function professionally during assignments.Social implications – Personal knowledge regarding journalism ethics and psychological stress are of importance, since individual mistakes when informing about a crisis can have long-lasting societal effects.Value of chapter – In the chapter, the authors underline the need to develop a personal understanding of typical crisis-related journalistic work strategies (autopilot/hyper mode), ethical boundaries, and possible stress reactions, for enabling an adequate work approach during assignments. Also, a number of possible predictors for emotional distress in journalists during crisis-related assignments are proposed.

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References

2013Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2007Research in School Shootings 2003The relationship among cognitive schemas, job‐related traumatic exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder in journalists 1994Dissociative symptoms in media eyewitnesses of an execution 2007Covering the tsunami disaster: subsequent post‐traumatic and depressive symptoms and associated social factors 2003Pressures on the Press 2004Artist at work

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