“Up in the Air in More Ways Than One”

Abstract

This chapter examines navigational problems in early aeronautical mapping. Early air pilots had many of the same needs as maritime navigators: an awareness of bearing and speed of travel, knowledge of landmarks and safe havens, and the difficulties of approaching them. Yet since pilots operated almost entirely over land, the charts they developed were initially hybrids of maps intended for ground and maritime travelers. Here, as with maritime mapping, the production of aeronautical charts was originally undertaken by a mixture of private firms, individuals, and governmental agencies. The increasing traffic that followed the commercialization of freight and passenger travel necessitated a shift toward greater governmental control of map standards and production.

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