Reproduction and scaffolded developmental processes: an integrated evolutionary perspective

Abstract

This chapter expands conceptual boundaries beyond traditional views of biological development as a cellular process by considering molecular development in the life cycle of the retrovirus HIV-1 and other complex life cycles such as those of malaria parasites. An implication of the expanded view presented is a reconsideration and expansion of the concept of a hybrid beyond genetic hybrids formed in Mendelian crosses to a concept of hybrid developmental entities due to reproduction from sources conveying different developmental capacities. Most biological reproduction involves the temporary formation of a hybrid consisting of a developmental system and scaffolds that facilitate development. Scaffolds can be other developing systems such as organisms, artefacts, or various environmental facilitators of development. A general, abstract account of reproducers as units of reproduction is offered which characterizes development as a process of acquiring (and refining) the capacity to reproduce by means of the material overlap of parts between parent and offspring entities. The chapter also formulates a view of the scientific theory as comprising three components: a set of core principles, a family of models, and a theoretical perspective that coordinates model-building and empirical investigation. Prospects for a theory of development in the expanded sense, involving expanded concepts of development and reproduction, are briefly considered.

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