British Colonial State Legacies and Development Trajectories:A Statistical Analysis of Direct and Indirect Rule

Abstract

In his work on colonial legacies in sub-Saharan Africa, Crawford Young (1994) calls the colonial powers Bula Matari , a KiKongo phrase meaning “he who crushes rocks.” The term not only refers to the extreme power of the European imperialists in Africa but also to the revolutionary changes that colonization began.Indeed,beginning with Ceuta,the Azores,and the Canary Islands during the mid-fifteenth century and continuing to this day with a few outposts, colonization of foreign lands has been a cataclysmic series of events that dramatically transformed the lives and lifestyles of peoples throughout the world. Whole populations were annihilated while others went to live in far-of f places as part of the colonial machine, either as settlers, administrators, or laborers.As a consequence of this contact, local religions, markets, and states were either extensively transformed or completely destroyed and replaced by new ones. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

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