Apocrypha' and 'apocryphal' originally signified something hidden or secret, and they were applied in this sense to esoteric writings, that is, writings which circulated only within a narrow group of persons 'in the know'. Several apocryphal gospels are attributed to apostles, thus tacitly claiming apostolic authority for their content. Of more interest to historians are the Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of Peter. The first of these is known only from the Nag Hammadi corpus, and therefore in a Coptic translation of the original Greek. Like the Gospel of Thomas, the Acts of Thomas, an early third-century composition, identifies its subject as 'Judas Thomas, also called Didymus. The early Christians wrote and consulted works of the sort that are styled 'apocalypse'. One type of apocalypse is represented by the Ascension of Isaiah, which combines an old Jewish legend of the martyrdom of Isaiah, originally in Hebrew, with a Christian interpolation and supplement originally in Greek.
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